Clearly explains the exciting and rapidlydeveoping field of. Theory of spin seebeck effect, saitoh group imr, tohoku university, sendai. Onedimensional spinon spin currents nature physics. Spinwave spin current in magnetic insulators sciencedirect. Mechanical generation of spin current by spinrotation. Kajiwara et al nature 464, 262 2010 3 spinwave spin current causes spin seebeck effect. Valenzuela, eiji saitoh, and takashi kimura series on semiconductor science and technology. These issues have attracted many physicists because, on top of the practical aspects, the underlying phenomena are fascinating. The second edition of spin current has been published in september 2017 by the oxford university press 1. Berger and slonczewski are acknowledged to have started the field in general through their introduction of the concept of currentinduced magnetisation dynamics by. The result indicates that the spin current js is proportional to the spin lifetime. Recently we have shown that the soc links the spin and mechanical degrees of freedom and.
Charge current in magnetic nanostructures contents. We propose a longitudinal spinseebeck effect sse, in which a magnoninduced spin current is injected parallel to a temperature gradient from a ferromagnet into an attached. Spin current, a flow of spins, is a key concept in the field of spintronics. Electric current has been used to send electricity to far distant places. This rather long spin diffusion length led to the proposal of a spin injection technique using a f1nf2 structure f1 is an injector and f2 a. Although spin waves have been known and investigated for many years, recent research has revealed that the spin wave plays an important role in spintronics as a carrier of spin current, that is, a flow of spin angular momentum. Related content spin hall effect in superconductors saburo takahashi and sadamichi maekawa silicon spintronics with ferromagnetic tunnel. Experimental and theoretical aspects journal of the.
On the other hand, spin current, a flow of electron spin, can in principle also send angular momentum to distant places. Pdf 466 kb saburo takahashi 1, 2, and sadamichi maekawa 1, 2, 3. The physics of magnetism and the application of spin current. Sep 26, 2016 spin currents can be carried by electrons and by magnons.
Since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance gmr effect in magnetic multilayers in 1988, a new branch of physics and technology, called spinelectronics or spintronics, has emerged, where the flow of electrical charge as well as the flow of electron. Wavelengthselective spincurrent generator using infrared. Valenzuela, eiji saitoh, takashi kimura since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance gmr effect in magnetic multilayers in 1988, a new branch of physics and technology, called spin electronics or spintronics, has emerged, where the flow of electrical charge as well as the flow of electron spin, the socalled. Conventionally, generation of spin current in nonmagnetic materials has. Concepts in spin electronics sadamichi maekawa oxford.
Concepts in spin electronics series on semiconductor science and technology maekawa, sadamichi on. The mutual interaction between spin current and magnetization is a key phenomenon in spintronics. A subwavelength plasmonic absorber is an ideal platform for absorbing light locally at a desired wavelength. Could the combination of general relativity and quantum. In the field of spintronics, for spincurrent generation, we often rely on a spin pumping effect10, which refers to the transfer of spinangular momentum from magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnet to. The flow of electron spin, the socalled spin current, is a key concept in the recent progress in spintronics.
Since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect in magnetic multilayers in 1988, a new branch of physics and technology, called spinelectronics or spintronics, has emerged, where the flow of electrical charge as well as the flow of electron spin, the socalled spin current, are manipulated and controlled together. Provides introduction and guide to the new physics and applications of spin current. Could the combination of general relativity and quantum mechanics lead to spintronics. Maekawa contents xi 8 spininjection andspintransportinhybrid nanostructures 343 8. Meanwhile, mechanical angular momentum carried by condensed matter. The nonrelativistic correspondences of the inertial e. Spinwave spin current in magnetic insulators okayama. Generally, we have longer spin lifetime in a material with weaker spinorbit coupling. The spin momentum locking at the dirac surface state of a topological insulator ti offers a distinct possibility of a highly efficient chargeto spin current cs conversion compared with spin. Extending the result to a superconducting device, we find. Spin seebeck and spin peltier effects sadamichi maekawa advanced science research center, japan atomic energy agency, japan the flow of electron spin, the socalled spin current, is a key concept in the recent progress in spintronics 1. Information processing and computation are based on electron charge in semiconductor transistors and integrated circuits, and information is stored on magnetic highdensity hard disks based on the physics of the electron spins. Xie2,3 1beijing national lab for condensed matter physics and institute of physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 80, china 2department of physics, oklahoma state university, stillwater, oklahoma 74078, usa 3international center for quantum structures, chinese academy.
Currentspin coupling for ferromagnetic domain walls in fine wires, s. Mechanical generation of spin current as well as mechanical manipulation of spins stem from the intrinsic property of spinor, which is sensitive to curvature of spacetime. Spin current in metals and superconductors journal of the. Since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect in. Mar 14, 2018 the spin momentum locking at the dirac surface state of a topological insulator ti offers a distinct possibility of a highly efficient chargeto spin current cs conversion compared with spin. Concepts in spin electronics oxford university press, 2006, s. Spin current by sadamichi maekawa 2017 english pdf. Maekawa3,4 1institute for solid state physics, university of tokyo 515 kashiwanoha, kashiwa, chiba 2778581, japan 2riken frs, 21 hirosawa, wako, saitama 3510198, japan 3institute for materials research, tohoku university, sendai, miyagi 9808577, japan. The book covers the fundamental description of a spin polarised electron hole current in various systems. Valenzuela, eiji saitoh, takashi kimura since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance gmr effect in magnetic multilayers in 1988, a new branch of physics and technology, called spinelectronics or spintronics, has emerged, where the flow of electrical charge as well as the flow of electron spin, the socalled.
The generation of the spin current by heat is the spin seebeck effect 2 and has been studied extensively 3. Control of spin current is a key technology in spintronics, and it relies on basic couplings between an electron spin and other physical quantities such as a magnetic field zeeman coupling, magnetization exchange coupling, and orbital degrees of freedom spinorbit coupling soc. It is generated by using angular momentum conversion among magnetic angular momentum due to magnetization dynamics, photon angular momentum, angular momentum due to orbital motion of electron, and spin angular momentum. Spin seebeck and spin peltier effects sadamichi maekawa advanced science research center, japan atomic energy agency, tokai, japan references. Clearly explains the exciting and rapidlydeveoping field of spintronics. Spin current as a probe of quantum materials nature. Mechanical generation of spin current by spinrotation coupling. Frontiers mechanical generation of spin current physics. Control and measurement of the chemical potential of a spin system can be used to explore phenomena ranging from quantum phase transitions 1, 2 to boseeinstein condensation 3, 4 and spin transport in gases and solidstate systems 511. Spin current, spin accumulation and spin hall effect saburo takahashi 1,2 and sadamichi maekawa 1,2,3. An electric current applied to the pt layer exerts spin torque on the entire continue reading. These devices are widely used for investigating spin current phenomena, such as the spin seebeck effect. Sep 04, 2007 we explore how the spin transport in such a device depends on the nature of interface metalliccontact or tunnel junction and material parameters of electrodes by solving the spin dependent transport equations, and obtain the conditions for efficient spin injection, spin accumulation, and spin current.
A nonequilibrium greenfunction approach branislav k. Johnson and silsbee 5, 6 first reported that nonequilibrium spin injected from a ferromagnet diffuses into an al film over the spin diffusion length of the order of 1. Spin current, edited by sadamichi maekawa, sergio o. Concepts in spin electronics series on semiconductor. This is in striking contrast to any of the other known methods for the injection of pure spin current 10,11,12,14,27,28, where spin current and spin voltage disappear over distances greater.
In recent decades, a large scientific effort has focused on harnessing spin transport for lowdissipation information processing 7, 1214. Generally, we have longer spin lifetime in a material with weaker spin orbit coupling. Introduction of spin current and spin hall effect, 2the linear response theory of spin current generation, 3 spin current generation by heat, i. Thornton2, maekawa and shinjo3, awschalom, loss and samarth4, maekawa5. Transmission of electric signal through spin current in a magnetic insulator by saitohs group in collaboration with maekawa and takanashi groups y. We derive a general expression for the spin accumulation signal which covers from the metallic to the tunneling regime. Although spin waves have been known and investigated for many years, recent research has revealed that the spin wave plays an important role in spintronics as a carrier of spin current, that is, a. Spin current, spin accumulation and spin hall effect. This interaction leads to a spinmotive force, a mechanism of energytransfer from magnetization into conduction electrons. The spinmomentum locking at the dirac surface state of a topological insulator ti offers a distinct possibility of a highly efficient chargeto. Spin current in metals and superconductors journal of.
In a device with sc, the spin transport is strongly affected by the onset of superconductivity. Control and local measurement of the spin chemical. Coherence and polarization properties of far fields generated by quasihomogeneous planar electromagnetic sources, olga korotkova, brian g. Spin currents can be carried by electrons and by magnons. Concepts in spin electronics series on semiconductor science and technology. Charge current spin current ykis2007 november 20,2007 fm. Berger and slonczewski are acknowledged to have started the field in general through their introduction of the concept of current induced magnetisation dynamics by the transfer of spin. Generation of spin currents by surface plasmon resonance. Maekawa tohoku and jaea michel viret talk yesterday spin pumping european school on magnetism 20, cargese, corsica spin currents and spin caloritronics spin current generation and accumulation. The principles to generate spin currents are listed in the first part, which overlaps.
Kajiwara et al nature 464, 262 2010 3 spin wave spin current causes spin seebeck effect. Physics articles and papers physics university of miami. We report the experimental observation of longitudinal spin seebeck effect in a multiferroic helimagnet ba 0. This year is the 100th anniversary since einsteins clarification of the coupling between magnetism and mechanical motion as well as his construction of the general relativity. Thermal generation of spin current in a multiferroic. Experiments now show that, in onedimensional spin chains, spin currents can also be.
This enables us to discuss recent controversy on spin injection and detection experiments. In the field of spintronics, for spin current generation, we often rely on a spin pumping effect10, which refers to the transfer of spin angular momentum from magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnet to. European school on magnetism 20, cargese, corsica spin currents and spin caloritronics spin torque vs spin pumping onsager reciprocity s. We study theoretically the spin transport in a nonmagnetic metal connected to ferromagnetic injector and detector electrodes. Related content spin hall effect in superconductors saburo takahashi and sadamichi maekawasilicon spintronics with ferromagnetic tunnel. Nowadays information technology is based on semiconductor and feromagnetic materials. This implies that larger spin current is obtained in a weaker spinorbit material such as al and cu. Thermal generation of spin current in a multiferroic helimagnet. When the spin current interacts with the magnetic moment in a ferromagnetic metal, the angular momentum and energy conservations give rise to. When the spin current interacts with the magnetic moment in a ferromagnetic metal, the angular momentum and energy conservations give rise to the spin transfer torque and spinmotive force, respectively.
Here, we demonstrate wavelengthselective spin current generation by combining plasmonic absorbers with ptyttriumirongarnet spintronic devices. Semantic scholar profile for sadamichi maekawa, with 153 highly influential citations and 751 scientific research papers. Information processing and computation are based on electron charge in semiconductor transistors and integrated circuits, and information is stored on magnetic highdensity hard disks based on. Spin current, spin accumulation and spin hall effect iopscience. When the spin current interacts with the magnetic moment in a ferromagnetic metal, t.
Experiments now show that, in onedimensional spin chains, spin currents can also be carried by particlelike excitations known as spinons. Nonlocal spin hall effect in metals and scs are investigated. The angular spin current and its physical consequences qingfeng sun1, and x. Spin current, spin accumulation and spin hall effect to cite this article. For a 111 irmn 3 oriented film, an inplane current generates spin currents inside the 111 plane but negligible spin currents in the outofplane direction, whereas for the 001 film, the inplane current leads to a large outofplane spin current whose amplitude is much larger than that of the 111 outofplane case. A spin wave is a collective motion of a magnetic moment in magnetically ordered materials. Seebeck effect, spin seebeck effect and spinelectronics. Theory of mechanical spin current generation via spin. This implies that larger spin current is obtained in a weaker spin orbit material such as al and cu. Giant facetdependent spinorbit torque and spin hall. Spintronics utilizes charge and spin currents on an equal footing.
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